By Andrew Gaeddert
Several thousand years ago Ethiopian farmers used coffee beans as a tonic and medicinal. It was introduced to Europe in 1615 and by the 1700s there were thousands of cafes or coffee shops in Europe. Today coffee is grown in over sixty countries. There are two main species and dozens of varieties.
Coffee is one of the most widely researched plants. For example the Scottish Heart Health study found that coffee consumption was associated with a reduction in mortality and cardiovascular morbidity. Coffee has been shown to have a negative correlation between consumption of coffee and the formation of gallstones. Similar to tea, coffee also has an antioxidant effect. Recently, it has been discovered that coffee has a protectant effect against developing diabetes and the proprietary extract Greenexcellent™ has been shown to assist with weight loss.
People from Finland are the largest consumers of coffee in the world. In a study of 19,518 Finns it was found that after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking and physical activity, coffee consumption was correlated with a decrease risk in developing diabetes. Follow up studies, including an analysis of twins with different coffee consumption habits, show that individuals with an overage or high consumption of coffee reduced the risk of developing type 2 diabetes compared with their respective twin who consumed less coffee.1
In the USA, the Health Professional Follow-up Study (HPFS) with 41,934 health professionals, and the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) with 84,276 nurses, confirmed that the relative risk of type 2 diabetes in those consuming 6 cups of coffee or more per day, had a decreased risk of 64 percent in men, and 25 percent in women. In conclu- sion, in eight studies with over 200,000 subjects, drinking 5-10 cups a day of coffee was associated with a mean reduction in type 2 diabetes of 40 percent.2
What are the active components of coffee that regulate the blood sugar con- centration? Fasting hyperglycemia is much lower in people who consume coffee rather than tea, and three additional trials point out the composition of coffee, not caffeine alone, has a beneficial effect in terms of preventing fasting hyperglycemia. Similarly the HPFS and NHS studies in America indicate that caffeine is not the active sub- stance decreasing the risk of type 2 diabetes.3, 4
It has been suggested on the basis of clinical studies that chlorogenic acids regulate postprandial blood sugar concentration, inhibit the intestinal absorption of glucose, improve glucose tolerance, and modulate serum lipid concentrations. Absorption of glucose by the enterocytes decreases proportionally to chlorogenic acid concentrations in in-vitro testing and in-vivo testing.5, 6, 7
Chlorogenic acids improve sensitivity to insulin by improving the distribution of minerals within the tissues and by reducing peripheral insulin resistance. The improvement of glucose tolerance may be linked to an improvement in mineral distribution, particularly magnesium. Metformin, used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes also improves the distribution of minerals and potentiates the action of insulin in animals and humans.
TRIALS WITH GREENEXCELLENT
There have been two clinical trials with Greenexcellent. The first study evaluated the effects of Greenexcellent on blood sugar concentration; a second study evaluated the effects on the lean mass to fat mass (LM/FM) ratio.
In the first study, fifteen healthy volunteers took part in the trial. During the six weeks of the trial, subjects did not change their dietary habits or their participation in physical exercise. Blood sugar con- centration was measured with a glucose tolerance test. The first measurement was made without prior administration of Greenexcellent; the second was made after administration of Greenexcellent. Each individual received three capsules per day, one in the morning, mid-day, and at evening. Each capsule contained 200mg of Greenexcellent. A reduction in blood sugar concentration was observed in 60 percent of the subjects, corresponding to a mean reduction in blood sugar concentration of 50 percent. In addition, the mean weight loss was slightly over 3.3 lbs (1.5 kg) after six weeks of treatment.
The next study was a double blind placebo controlled clinical study with fifty people with a BMI greater than 25, between nineteen and seventy-five years of age. Thirty patients were administered 2 pills per day during their main meals, each con taining 200mg of Greenexcellent. The remaining patients took a placebo under the same conditions. After sixty days, the placebo group lost 3 percent of their body weight, the active group lost almost 6 percent of their body weight. Due to the significant reduction in weight in the active group, a significant decrease in the BMI was observed.
Greenexcellent induced a significant increase in lean mass, while the placebo group only showed a slight increase. The conclusion is that Greenexcellent is capable of significantly reducing the BMI, and increasing the lean mass in overweight individuals, at a recommended dosage of 400mg per day, corresponding to two capsules of Greenexcellent.
On the basis of the two clinical trials and additional laboratory studies, Greenexcellent inhibits the intestinal absorption of glucose, and inhibits G-6-P. Chlorogenic acids in Greenexcellent compete with G-6-P inhibiting glucose release from the liver, mainly by blocking the final gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis reaction.8
Inhibition of G-6-P allows a number of mechanisms in the liver, pancreas, muscles and adipose tissue to be regulated. It is theorized that Greenexcellent reduces fats from the adipose tissue. Thus Greenexcellent helps in the reduction of fat mass by inhibition of the G-6-P. It also decreases the postprandial blood sugar concentration and the glucose available for the working of the cells, and results in the increasing consumption of fatty deposits in order to bring energy to the cells.
Greenexcellent is more than a coffee product. It is a patented extract from a specific variety of green coffee beans that is rich in chlorogenic and 5-caffeoyliquinic acid. It is decaffeinated, and does not contain allergens or impurities. With a proven ability to reduce blood sugar, body weight, and significantly increase lean mass, Greenexcellent is an excellent addition to a weight loss pro- gram including exercise and a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and lean protein.
Greenexcellent is unique in that it reduces blood sugar concentrations by 50 percent, and has a proven ability to reduce weight and significantly increase lean mass. Greenexcellent is an innovative product with fat burning and blood sugar regulating properties.
NOTES
- These results have been confirmed in studies in Sweden, The Netherlands, and Japan.
- Studies by Feinberg et. al. (190) demonstrated that 5g of instant coffee with a test meal significantly decreased postprandial blood sugar con- centration after thirty and sixty minutes. In an analysis, of Uppsala Longitundinal Study of Adult Men, after having adjusted the results for consumption of sugar, cream, food with coffee, BMI, alcohol consump- tion and physical activity, the authors concluded that the additional con- sumption of a cup of coffee a day was associated with an improvement in sensitivity to insulin.
- Arnlov J, Vessby B, Riserus R. Coffee consumption and insulin sensitiv- ity. JAMA. 2004 Mar 10; 291(10):1199-1201.
- Salazar-Martinex E, Willett WC, Ascherio A, Manson JE, Leitzmann MF, Stampfer MJ, Hu FB. Coffee consumption and risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ann Intern Med. 2004 Jan 6: 140(1): 1-8.
- Welsch CA, Lachance PA, Wasserman BP, Dietary phenolic compounds: inhibition of Na+-dependent D-glucose uptake in rat intestinal brush border membrane vesicules. J Nutr. 1989; 119(11):1698-1704.
- Johnston KL, Clifford MN, Morgan LM. Coffee acutely modifies gas- trointestinal hormone secretion and glucose tolerance in humans: glycemic effects of chlorogenic acid and caffeine. Am J Clin Nutr, 2003; 78(4): 728-733.
- Coffee whether decaffeinated or not, when compared with a control drink, significantly attenuated the postprandial release of GIP (Glucose- dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide) in the proximal part of the small intestine, suggesting that coffee decreases the absorption of glucose from the small intestine.
- Herling AW, Burger HJ, Schwab D, Hemmerle H, Below P, Schubert G. Pharmacodynamic profile of a novel inhibitor of the hepatic glucose-6- phosphatase system. Am J Physiol., 1998; 274(6/1): G1087-G1093.
GreenexcellentTM
Clinically proven weight loss
Decaffeinated green coffee extract
Reduces blood glucose
Increase lean mass